civil society

The position and relationship between the government and the civil society has always occupied the minds of political thinkers, especially in the modern period. In general, governments assume different roles depending on the application of different approaches. From the point of view of the relationship and the type of influence of the government on the society, there have always been two competing views, which are rooted in the thoughts of two prominent political philosophers: John Locke and Karl Marx. In John Locke's view, the government is a mediating entity, limited and conditional, based on the principle of consent and with the aim of creating peace and public welfare based on the social contract and the right of public rebellion in times of inefficiency and disobedience to the law, and ultimately independent of civil society. And in the view of Karl Marx, the concept of government is based on three different opinions. The government as a means of suppressing the working class, the government as an arbiter or mediator, and finally the government as a function of the changing economic infrastructure, and ultimately relying on classes of society.

This research is a collaborative effort, drawing on the theories and perspectives of political science and cultural management experts and the opinions of experts in political and legal institutions. Our goal is to identify the dimensions, components, and indicators affecting political development through public culture, determine their significance, and present a model of political development through public culture using statistical methods and software such as MATLAB, EXCEL, and SPSS. We invite you to join us in exploring the role of public culture in Iran's political development. In the next stage, we determined the current status and evaluated the role of public culture in Iran's political development from the perspective of managers and students. We identified the deviations of the current public culture in each practical component of political development from the desired state. More importantly, we proposed strategies that could significantly improve the situation, offering a hopeful outlook. These strategies were developed based on the country's position and the results of three types of tests. From the experts' point of view, it was observed that the government holds the most importance among the dimensions of Iran's political development, followed by civil society and citizens.