advantages

As there is a great improvement in technology, the demand for innovative ways of delivering education is increasing and this has led to changes in learning and teaching methods. Distance education, which is so different from traditional education, consists of studying from home where students and teachers are physically distant while classroom learning is the type of education system in which the learners and the teachers work under one roof. Electronic means are used to keep students in touch with teachers, provide access to communication between students and bridge the gap and distribute educational material though distance learning programs. Both learning systems have their own advantages and disadvantages. Choosing between these two learning methods highly depends on learners’ requirements. In this paper, the researcher aims to discuss history and theories of distance learning, review literature on distant learning, state advantages and disadvantages of distance learning, express implications of the study to learners and teachers, and finally mention suggestions for improving distance learning.

Purpose : This study systematically reviews the advantages and disadvantages of using ChatGPT in higher education. Method : This systematic review adheres to PRISMA guidelines. The search was conducted using the terms "ChatGPT" and "chatbot" for the years 2021–2024 in Google Scholar, ResearchGate, Web of Science, and PubMed via Publish or Perish (version 8). A total of 365 records were retrieved, and after screening, 35 relevant studies were included. Findings : The analysis indicate that 66% of the reviewed studies highlighted the benefits of ChatGPT in higher education, including enhancements in cognitive and learning skills, support for research and writing, improvements in language and communication, and automation of certain tasks to increase efficiency. Additionally, advantages such as 24/7 availability, quick responses, topic diversity, privacy, and easy access to past interactions were noted. Among the advantages that received the most attention are optimization of academic training, enhancement of cognitive and learning skills, and assistance in the research and development process. However, 75% of the studies discussed disadvantages, including concerns about plagiarism, ethical issues, negative perceptions, lack of audiovisual communication, absence of human interaction, technical limitations, and restricted multi-dimensional engagement.  Among the most prominent disadvantages are ethical concerns, plagiarism, and lack of uniformity in responses. Conclusion : While ChatGPT offers significant benefits in education, its limitations require careful consideration to ensure responsible and effective use. Specifically, to address these disadvantages, practical measures such as the development of policies and ethical guidelines should be implemented to ensure responsible and optimal use of this technology in education.