«تحلیل رساله صد پند عبید زاکانی بر اساس تحلیل گفتمان» (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
تحلیل گفتمان انتقادی نظریه ای برآمده از علوم جامعه شناسی و زبان شناسی است که طبق آن، متون ضمن اثرپذیری از شرایط اجتماعی - سیاسی موجود، می توانند در تغییر این شرایط هم تأثیرگذار باشند. درواقع هر متن انعکاس کننده ایدئولوژی های پدیدآورنده آن در رویارویی با شرایط جامعه است. رویکرد نورمن فرکلاف کامل ترین رویکرد این نظریه است که دربردارنده سه سطح توصیف، تفسیر و تبیین است. عبید زاکانی نویسنده، شاعر و طنزپرداز مشهور قرن هشتم هجری، بنا بر وجود فساد و خفقان حاکم در آن دوره و نیز استعداد وافر خود در طنازی و تیزبینی های منتقدانه، آثار پرمغزی را از خود به جای گذاشته است. این پژوهش با هدف نشان دادن زوایای پنهان یکی از رساله های معروف طنز و انتقادی عبید، یعنی رساله صدپند، در ارتباط با شرایط ناگوار اجتماعی - سیاسی عصر ایلخانیان نوشته شده که از طریق مطالعات کتابخانه ای و با استفاده از روش توصیفی تحلیلی به صورت کمی و کیفی انجام شده است. اهمیت و ضرورت این پژوهش آشکارسازی نقش اندرزهای مطایبه آمیز و انتقادی عبید در نحوه رویارویی با چنین شرایطی است که گاه خود نیز تحت تأثیر آن شرایط واقع شده است. نتیجه این پژوهش آن است که نظریه تحلیل گفتمان فرکلاف برای بررسی طنز نامه صدپند عبید کارایی مناسبی دارد و با این الگو بسیاری از ظرایف و ریزه کاری های زبانی و بیانی نویسنده آشکار شد که می تواند مورد استفاده دیگر نویسندگان باشد.Discourse Analysis of Ubayd Zakani’s The Treatise of One Hundred Advices Based on Critical Discourse Analysis
Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is a theory derived from sociology and linguistics that posits that texts, while being influenced by prevailing socio-political conditions, can in turn influence and transform those very conditions. Among the various approaches to CDA, Norman Fairclough’s model is regarded as the most comprehensive, consisting of three levels: description, interpretation, and explanation. Ubayd Zakani, an eminent writer, poet, and satirist of the 8th century AH, composed profound works in response to the corruption and oppression of his time, using his wit and critical insight as tools of social critique. The present study aims to uncover the hidden layers of meaning in The Treatise of One Hundred Advices (Resāle-ye Sad Pand) in relation to the socio-political context of the Ilkhanid era. Employing a descriptive-analytical method and library-based research, both quantitative and qualitative analyses were conducted. The importance of this research lies in revealing the critical and humorous role of Ubayd’s admonitory discourse as a mode of resistance to the dominant social conditions. The findings demonstrate that Fairclough’s framework effectively elucidates the linguistic and rhetorical subtleties of Ubayd’s satire, offering insights applicable to other literary analyses. Keywords: Critical Discourse Analysis; Norman Fairclough; Treatise of One Hundred Advices (Resāle-ye Sad Pand); Ubayd Zakani. Introduction The term discourse, derived from the French discours, represents a synthesis of linguistic and sociological perspectives. It suggests that the full understanding of meaning arises not only from lexical and grammatical structures but also from their use within specific social and situational contexts. When discourse is employed to critique social and political issues, it becomes Critical Discourse. Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), therefore, explores the interrelation between language, power, and ideology within texts. Ubayd Zakani, a poet of the 8th century AH, is renowned for his bold and unflinching critiques of moral and social corruption in post-Mongol Iran. Using satire and humor as his weapons, he confronted hypocrisy and vice across all layers of society. The significance of this study lies in explaining the function of Ubayd’s witty admonitions as a response to the political and social circumstances of his time, as well as the reciprocal role of societal structures in shaping the discourse of The Treatise of One Hundred Advices. This research seeks to analyze the treatise through Fairclough’s three levels—description, interpretation, and explanation—in order to uncover its deep structures and ideological dimensions in connection with the socio-political context of the 8th century. The study also aims to identify the discursive features and elements that shaped this text and to reveal the author’s ideology regarding power and society. Research Questions To what extent have linguistic devices been employed for discourse-oriented purposes? How are the mutual influences of language and socio-political conditions reflected in The Treatise of One Hundred Advices? What is the author’s perspective toward different social classes and prevailing conditions? Hypotheses The study assumes that the text contains discourse-oriented purposes behind its lexical and grammatical choices; that it reflects the socio-political circumstances of Ubayd’s time; and that different social classes both shaped and were influenced by these conditions. Materials and Methods Data were collected through library-based research. Using a descriptive-analytical approach, both quantitative and qualitative analyses of The Treatise of One Hundred Advices were conducted according to Norman Fairclough’s CDA framework. The work was examined at three levels: description, interpretation, and explanation. Research Findings The results indicate that Ubayd Zakani, through concise and witty language, employed relational, experiential,
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