تحلیل جامعه شناختی رابطه مسئولیت پذیری و تمایل به فعالیت های داوطلبانه در شهر یاسوج
آرشیو
چکیده
فعالیت داوطلبانه، به عنوان فداکاری خودانگیخته در جهتِ خیرِ عمومی، یکی از نیازهای مهم دنیای امروز برای مواجهه با حوادث و اتفاقات بی شمار مترقبه و غیرمترقبه است. بر این اساس، پژوهش حاضر تلاش کرده است تا با استناد به نظریه هنجارهای اجتماعی، رابطه مسئولیت پذیری را با فعالیت داوطلبانه بررسی کند. این پژوهش از نوع کمّی است و به روش پیمایشی انجام شده است. جامعه آماری شهروندان 18 سال به بالای شهر یاسوج هستند که 364 نفر از آنان به روش نمونه گیری تصادفی چندمرحله ای انتخاب شدند. ابزار پژوهش برای سنجش فعالیت داوطلبانه پرسشنامه پژوهشگرساخته است و به منظور سنجش مسئولیت پذیری از پرسشنامه احمدی (1388) استفاده شده است. بر اساس یافته های توصیفی پژوهش، تمایل به فعالیت داوطلبانه در سطح متوسط است که با توجه به حادثه خیز بودن کشور، باعث نگرانی است؛ اما یافته های تحلیلی نشان می دهد رابطه ای مثبت و معنادار بین مسئولیت پذیری و فعالیت داوطلبانه وجود دارد. تبیین متغیر وابسته بر اساس مجموع متغیرها نشان می دهد مسئولیت پذیری، جنسیت و تحصیلات قادر هستند 218/0 از تغییرات فعالیت داوطلبانه را تبیین کنند. نتیجه گیری پژوهش حاضر این است که با تقویت هنجارِ اجتماعی مسئولیت پذیری، می توان فعالیت داوطلبانه را افزایش و پیامدهای ناگوار حوادث و اتفاقات را تسکین داد.Sociological Analysis of the Relationship between Responsibility and Volunteering in Yasouj
IntroductionIn everyday social life, some incidents cause some people to need the help of others to overcome problems and return to normal life. These events span from micro to macro levels. Overcoming these events requires voluntary activity by people. Volunteering involves freely allocating time to benefit other individuals, groups, and organizations. Due to the high rate of unexpected events in today's complex world, various countries are trying to spread the desire for voluntary activities among people. Evidence indicates that about 61 million people in the United States are formally involved in voluntary activities, while approximately 125 million people are informally involved in voluntary activities. According to the estimates, almost half of the adult population in Switzerland carries out formal or informal voluntary activities. In Iran, the willingness to volunteer is not at the desired level, and it is estimated that only around 10% of Iranians engage in volunteer work. Volunteering is influenced by a wide range of factors. One of the important factors affecting volunteering is the responsibility. Responsibility is a social norm to assist people without any expectations of responsibility. The more the social norm of responsibility is internalized among the citizens of a society, the greater the likelihood of helping others in various situations. Consequently, this research aims to examine the willingness to volunteer among citizens, and its relationship with responsibility.Research MethodologyThis quantitative study was conducted using a survey technique. The population is citizens aged 18 and above in Yasuj city, in which 364 cases were selected using a multi-stage random sampling. The research instrument for measuring volunteer activity is a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 14 questions and two dimensions: organizational (7 items) and individual (7 items). To measure the validity, structural validity was used using factor analysis. Based on the results of factor analysis, none of the items were removed from the model, and the organizational and individual factors can explain 62.2% of the variance. In addition, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to measure the reliability of this questionnaire, with its value is .927. Furthermore, the research tool to measure responsibility is the Ahmadi (2009) questionnaire. This questionnaire consists of 7 questions and two dimensions of commitment and acceptance of behavior. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was employed to assess the reliability of this questionnaire, with its value is .668.Research FindingsBased on the descriptive findings of the study, the majority of respondents are in the age group of 30-39. Most of the respondents are female, married, and have academic education. In addition, the average volunteer activity is 45.3 and responsibility is 29.8. Regression analysis was used to predict the volunteer activity based on responsibility and demographic variables, and the results are reflected in Table 1. Based on the results, there is a significant relationship between responsibility and volunteer activity. Moreover, gender and associate and academic education have a significant effect on volunteer activity as well.Table 1. Predicting volunteering based on all independent variablesDiscussion and ConclusionAccording to the analytical findings of the study, there is a positive and significant relationship between the social norm of "responsibility" and volunteering. It means that the desire for volunteering increases with the increase in responsibility. Theoretically, this research finding is consistent with the framework of the theory of social norms that was proposed in theoretical basics. Accordingly, the more the social norm of responsibility is internalized in individuals, the more they are inclined to do volunteering activities, which is what happened in the present study. On the other hand, based on the findings of the study, the desire for volunteering activities is greater among men than women. Theoretically, as a universal rule, women are more generous than men and have a greater tendency to help others, but a large part of volunteering activities requires risk-taking, which men are more prone to carry out. In addition, according to the results, people with higher education are more inclined to volunteer. Theoretically, people with higher education, first, have wider social networks, and second, have greater cognitive ability. Membership in various social networks and higher cognitive ability make educated people more likely than others to believe in the necessity of volunteering and its positive consequences, which makes them more inclined to volunteer activities.
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