سیر تطور تقنینی خسارت معنوی ناشی از بزهکاری در حقوق کیفری ایران با چشم اندازی به پرونده های جنایی
آرشیو
چکیده
ﺿﺮر و زیﺎن ﻧﺎﺷﻰ از ﺟﺮم ﻋﺒﺎرت اﺳﺖ از زیﺎﻧﻰ کﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﺠﺮﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺮ دیﮕﺮى ( ﻣﺠﻨﻰ علیه ، ورﺛﻪ یﺎ کﺴﺎن او )وارد ﻣﻰ ﮔﺮدد.ﻣﺘﻀﺮر از ﺟﺮم ﭘﺲ از آﻧکﻪ در ﻣﻘﺎم ﺷﺎکﻰ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻰ ﺷکﺎیﺖ ﺧﻮد را در ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﻗﻀﺎیﻰ ( دادﺳﺮا یﺎ دادﮔﺎه) ﻃﺮح کﺮد ﺣﻖ دارد ﺑﺮاى ﺟﺒﺮان ﺧﺴﺎرت و ﺻﺪﻣﺎﺗﻰ کﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘیﻤﺎ ﺑﻪ واﺳﻄﻪ ارﺗکﺎب ﺟﺮم ﺑﻪ او وارد ﺷﺪه از ﻣﻘﺎم ﻗﻀﺎیﻰ درﺧﻮاﺳﺖ ﺟﺒﺮان ﺧﺴﺎرت کﻨﺪ. در ﻧﻈﺎم های ﻗﻀﺎیﻰ کﻪ دادﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎى ﺣﻘﻮﻗﻰ و کیفری در رسیدگی ﺑﻪ دﻋﺎوى در صلاحیت ﺧﻮد ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻰ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻰ ﻧﻤﺎیﻨﺪ اﺻﻞ ﺑﺮ ایﻦ اﺳﺖ کﻪ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﻰ ﺑﻪ دﻋﺎوى ﻣﺪﻧﻰ و ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ کیفری ﺑﻪ دﻋﺎوى کیفری رﺳیﺪﮔﻰ ﻣﻰ ﻧﻤﺎیﺪ. اﻣﺎ گاهی ﻣﺮﺟﻊ کیﻔﺮى ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر اﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎیﻰ اﻣکﺎن رسیدگی ﺑﻪ دﻋﻮى ﺣﻘﻮﻗﻰ را ﭘیﺪا ﻣﻰ کﻨﺪ. در ﺣﻘﻮق ایﺮان ﻧیﺰ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ایﻦ کﻪ دادگاه های ﺣﻘﻮﻗﻰﺻﺮﻓﺎً ﺑﻪ اﻣﻮر ﺣﻘﻮﻗﻰ و دادگاه های ﺟﺰایﻰ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﻪ اﻣﻮر کیفری رسیدگی ﻣﻰ ﻧﻤﺎیﻨﺪ از اﺻﻞ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻰ ﺑﻮدن رﺳیﺪﮔﻰ ﺑﻪ دﻋﺎوى پیروی ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﺑﺮ همین ﻣﺒﻨﺎ در ﺧﺼﻮص رسیدگی ﺑﻪ دﻋﺎوى ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺿﺮر و زیﺎن ﻧﺎﺷﻰ از ﺟﺮم در ﺿﻤﻦ رسیدگی ﺑﻪ اﻣﻮر کیفری ﺑﻌﻠﺖ ابهام و اﺟﻤﺎل و ﻣﻮاد اﺻﻼح ﺷﺪه ﻗﺎﻧﻮن آئین دادرﺳﻰ کیﻔﺮى در ایﻦ پژوهش که با روش توصیفی - تحلیلی انجتم شده است ﺳﻌﻰ ﺑﺮ آن اﺳﺖ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﻰ و تبین ﻣﻔﻬﻮم و ماهیت ﺿﺮر و زیﺎن ﻧﺎﺷﻰ از ﺟﺮم ،ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻰ سیر ﺗﺤﻮل تقنینی دﻋﻮى ﺿﺮر و زیﺎن در دادﮔﺎه های کیﻔﺮى و رویﻪ ﻗﻀﺎیﻰ ﺑﭙﺮدازدThe course of legislative development of damages caused by delinquency in Iranian criminal law with a perspective on criminal cases
The damage caused by the crime is also the damage caused by the criminal action to another person (the victim, his heirs or his successors). The Kurd plan has the right to request compensation from the judicial authority for the damages and injuries that have been caused to him directly by the commission of the crime. In the judicial systems where the legal and criminal courts act in a specialized manner in dealing with claims within their jurisdiction, the principle is that the legal reference deals with civil claims and the criminal reference deals with criminal claims. But sometimes the criminal reference finds the possibility of dealing with the legal claim as an exception. In Iranian law, due to the fact that legal courts deal only with legal matters and criminal courts deal only with criminal matters, the principle of specialization in dealing with claims has been followed on this basis in dealing with claims related to damages. of the crime while dealing with criminal matters due to the ambiguity and summary and the amended articles of the criminal procedure law in this research, which is done with a descriptive-analytical method, an attempt is made to investigate and explain the concept and nature of the harm and loss caused by the crime, Investigate the progress of the legal development of claims for damages in criminal courts and judicial procedures.
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