Iranian Journal of Finance

One of the most fundamental factors in pricing and evaluating the performance of companies is their profitability and profit is used as a basis for predicting the future performance of companies. Therefore, an accurate profit prediction is really crucial and decisive. There are various approaches to this prediction. The first approach would be calculating profit according to accounting standards by using historical cost and the second, calculating profit according to fair value. In this circumstance, this question arises that whether fair values are used instead of historical cost, would it lead to a more accurate and better prediction of the company's future performance? The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of using the fair value in calculating profits on the performance of investment companies with the help of benchmarking international financial reporting standards for small and medium-sized units. This research uses the data of 95 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange, whose activity is an investment, from 2015 through 2019 and compares the predictability of fair value-based profits with the profit based on accounting standards in predicting the company's operating cash flows and future profits. The data is first collected in Excel software, then the research variables are calculated and finally, research models are tested and analyzed by Eviews10. The results show that fair value-based profit has no greater ability to predict the performance of investment companies in comparison to profit based on Iranian accounting standards.

The present study aims to investigate the needs of users in connection with the information of intangible assets in current financial statements with an emphasis on the way of disclosing non-financial information. For this purpose, the effect of the two independent variables of causal links’ discussion and level of non-financial performance on the financial performance of the firm, as the dependent variable, has been studied. The research is applied in terms of its objective and it is a survey in terms of the research design. The research population includes PhD students of accounting in top-ranking universities of Iran. Statistical methods, including test ratio, single-sample t-test, independent t-test, and one-way and two-way variance analysis have been used to test hypotheses. The findings show that the disclosure of non-financial intangible information along with causal links does not affect the judgment of investors with a low or high level of knowledge. However, it should be noted that the recall of the performance in terms of non-financial criteria by investors, who have a causal link discussion, is higher than others.

Added over the period 2006-2018. We focused on different proxies of corporate governance indicators, such as the Directors' Effectiveness, the Transparency and the Disclosure, Responsibility. Basel Principles have been used to make corporate governance indicators and Stern & Stewart and Chew (1995) method have been used to make banking economic value added. We used the PCA method to choose important indicators. The results of PCA estimation identified ten important variables affecting banks' economic value added. Due to the importance of banks' age in creating economic value-added, banks are divided into two classes according to age. The GMM method is used to estimate the models. Eight models were designed to examine the impact of different corporate governance measures on the banking economic value added. The results indicated that corporate governance indicators were significant in explaining changes in the Iranian banking economic value added. The result also shows that according to the banks' age, the effectiveness of the board structure is greater than others. This illustrates the importance of board structure more than other criteria.

This paper concentrates on the modelling of optimal stock portfolio selection based on Risk Assessment and Behavioral Financial Approach Mental Accounting and 28 expert’s opinion. In this approach developing the model approved by the opinion of academic and practical experts using quantitative and qualitative methods.  Using quarterly return data of industrial indices for ten years in form of eight training and two test years indicates that the performance of DMSS and MVO based portfolios is equal however by regarding the value at risk and liquidity constraints in modeling, DMSS based portfolios perform higher than MVO portfolios.

Since the auditing profession is a process engaged in judgment activities, knowing the reasoning concepts to achieve a level of rationale in audit judgment is the theoretical and fundamental concept in this profession. In this regard, tactfulness is one of the decision-making components in an auditor's judgment that assigns a level of reasoning for making an intellectual decision and promotes the level of judgment quality in auditing. Accordingly, the purpose of this research is Auditors’ Wise Tactfulness in Professional Judgments by Total Interpretive Structural Modeling (TISM). The mixed-methods approach was used for the research in which, in the qualitative part, two experts population as panel members, and, in the quantitative part, 30 independent auditors as the statistical population participated. In the qualitative part, the meta-analysis approach was used to identify the themes related to wise tactfulness in professional judgment, and then, the basic themes selected were examined based on two criteria, concordance coefficient and average, in three rounds reciprocally until theoretical saturation was met. At this point, 14 themes were accepted among 20 basic themes. In the quantitative part, the themes accepted were coded first and then were distributed among the respective population, based on a matrix questionnaire, to identify the most effective trait of auditor's wise tactfulness in professional judgment using the Total Interpretive Structural Modeling approach. According to the results, the theme adherence to the principles of professional ethics as a basic theme of professional thinking was selected as the most influential trait of wise tactfulness.

<span>Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a fundamental factor for the survival of any organization. Companies and institutions are active in a society that provides them various opportunities to earn profits and realize their goals. The increasing importance of corporate social responsibility and the costs required by companies to operate and participate in these issue has led to the purpose of this study to investigate the impact of corporate social responsibility on the managers' behaviors in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. This study is based on purpose, application and data analysis in the field of causal descriptive studies. In this study, the reflection of managers’ myopic and optimistic behaviors is considered as managers' behaviors. Therefore, two hypotheses were developed to investigate this issue, and data from 174 listed companies were analyzed from 2008 to 2018. The regression model of the research was evaluated using a panel data method with a fixed-effects approach and logistic regression method. The result showed that the fulfillment of corporate social responsibility has a significant negative effect on the optimistic behavior of managers and decreases this type of behavior by managers. On the other hand, the results confirmed that accomplishing corporate social responsibility does not have a significant effect on managers' myopic behavior.