جغرافیا و روابط انسانی

This article review the most important concepts of environment. The right to development and sustainable development has special rules to regular the relationship between people and environment because expending the societies and appear the new facilities for utilization of nature and industrialization changes this relationship. The right to development and sustainable development try to regular the human conduct and make rules to arrangement environmental action. The right to development and sustainable development has bilateral relationship.The right to development means every body have right to promoting and expend his life but this right is not unconditional, because the environment and natural resources belonging to every person and every generations. The environment must be remaining for other people, therefore sustainable development appear and try to focus on the right of people to use of environment and the right of next generations to enjoyment of environment and the duties of present people to save environment for future people. The constitution of islamic republic of Iran in article fifty accepted the right to development and sustainable development. The review of this concepts in Iran's constitution is our reason to write this article.

Security is one of the most important needs of people after basic needs. Due to the unnecessary developments in cities and the lack of identifying elements as well as the decrease in the sense of attachment to new neighborhoods, it has created problems, such as reduced levels of security. Therefore, the most necessary action to achieve a sense of security at the residential level is to strengthen and enhance the sense of attachment to the neighborhood. The purpose of this present study has to analyze the feeling of security by emphasizing the influence of sense of place attachment in Elahieh neighborhood of Mashhad. The research method is descriptive-analytical and library-documentary sources and questionnaire distribution among residents of Elahieh neighborhood used for data collection. Sample size estimated to be 397 according to the neighborhood population using PASS software. The results of the study show that the feeling of security is low in the neighborhood of Elahieh and there is a weak sense of belonging among the residents. In this regard, measures affecting the sense of attachment to increase the sense of security in the neighborhood have been analyzed and ranked by Friedman test. Finally, measures of neighborhood boundary status, reminiscences and participation of residents, as well as neighborhood identity, are effective in reducing neighborhood security.

This paper is focused on rural ecotourism development goal through evaluation of current condition of tourism in Helleh Wetland Protected Area (a region located in the south of Iran with an area of 48,940 ha). To plan and implement this, different management and decision making tools were utilized such as interviews, questionnaire surveys, and SWOT analysis. A series of interviews was conducted so as to recognize actions taken by governmental bodies responsible (e.g., Department of Environment). Furthermore, the visitors of the wetland were surveyed to evaluate the rate of fulfilment of sustainable tourism development in the wetland. Local residents were also taken into account by using a survey to reveal the problems and the attractions of the wetland. Results showed that the existing tourism activities in the wetland did not conform to sustainability requirements. Hence, a SWOT analysis was conducted to identify the required management strategies to enhance the tourism in the wetland and consequently promote socio-economic development of the community.

The political economy of a country and international security is a cross-cutting issue that creates its own identity and political function to each other. The purpose of this study is to examine the political economy of Iran and its role in international security. At first, using the theory of logical deterrence, the political economy of Iran was examined and then its role in international security was evaluated. This research is based on the descriptive-analytical method and first-hand library data. The findings of the study show that many factors such as oil, free zones, government policy, Iranian industry, economic sanctions have a significant impact on the political economy of Iran, and their impact is such that it causes problems at some historical junctures. It has become a threat to the country's economy and, as a result, to Iran's national security. From the findings of the study, it can be concluded that in a global system in which there is a constant global security, countries need to be in a good political economy. Economic security is one of the essential prerequisites for political stability. Otherwise, there will be national security, regional security, and ultimately the global expansion of security and insecurity.

Religious tourism is mostly considered as the oldest form of people’s travel (Blackwell, 2007). Pilgrimage tours are considered as one types of pilgrimage tourism, really has been welcomed by many people in the world. Muslim, Christian and other pilgrimage sites seem to be attracting increasing numbers of visitors .apparently religious motivations are the most important reason to choose religious tours ,but studies show this is not the only one and some factors contribute to choose and request this kind of travel.in this case we Focus on effective sub factors in selection religious tours Which has been held in Qom for ten days in 2020 .by Structured interview we collected data and analyzed them by thematic method. result shows different effective sub-factors like Learning religious Contents, Familiarity with the historical contexts of sacred places, Familiarity with the historical context of the Geographic Area around holy places, Familiarity with the historical narrative about each places, Familiarity with historical rituals related to each places and Awareness of vehicle safety are Involved.