درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Introduction: Painful diabetic neuropathy is a major complication of chronic diabetes with a significant negative impact on the quality of sleep and quality of life in diabetic patients. This study was conducted to determine the single and combined effect of primary motor cortex (M1) and left Dorso lateral prefrontal cortex (L- DLPFC/ F3) anodic transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in improving sleep quality and quality of life in type 2 diabetes patients with neuropathic pain. Method: The current study was a four-group double-blind randomized clinical trial. The statistical population consisted of all patients with type 2 diabetes aged 45 to 65 years, who were members of the Bonab Diabetes Association in 2022 and identified as having neuropathic pain by specialists. The research sample was 48 people selected through the purposeful sampling method and randomly assigned into three experimental groups and one sham control group. Patients in four groups received their respective interventions for 12 sessions, three times a week. The data collection was done using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the 36-Item Short Form quality of life questionnaire (SF-36). Results: According to the findings, only the stimulation of M1 and F3 areas was effective in improving the sleep quality of diabetic patients. In terms of increasing quality of life, the effect of combined treatment (stimulation of both M1 and F3 areas) was significantly higher than the F3 area stimulation and sham stimulation groups. Also, the observed effect remained stable until the 3-month follow-up stage. Conclusion: According to the results of this research, neuropsychological rehabilitation through electrical stimulation of the M1 and F3 areas of the brain was supported to improve the sleep quality and the quality of life of diabetic neuropathy patients.

Background and Aim: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder or ADHD is one of the most common problems of children and adolescents and the reason for referral to psychiatrists and psychologists. Therefore, the aim of this research was to the effectiveness of parent-child interaction training on behavioural problems and aggression of children with ADHD symptoms. Methods: In terms of the purpose, the current research design was of an applied type and in terms of the method of conducting it, it was a quasi-experimental research with a pre-test, post-test and two-month follow-up plan with the experimental and control groups. The statistical population of this study consisted of 6-10-year-old children with ADHD who were referred to a private counselling centre in the 10th district of Tehran in 1401. An available sampling method was used for sampling, and 30 people were selected, and 15 people were equally assigned to the experimental group and 15 people to the control group. In this research, the tools used included Achenbach's Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and Buss & Perry's (1992) Aggression Questionnaire. Parent-child interaction therapy was performed according to McNeil & Hembree-Kigin's (2010) protocol on the experimental group, but the control group did not receive any intervention. Statistical data was analyzed with spss software and using analysis of variance with repeated measurements, and Bonferroni's post hoc test was used to check the stability of the effects of the interventions. Results: F values were calculated for behavioural problems (F = 7.63) and aggression (F = 10.74). It can be concluded that the effect of the group membership factor, or in other words, the treatment of parent-child interaction, has led to a significant decrease in dependent variables (p<0.01). The results of Benferroni's post hoc test indicate that the effect of parent-child interaction therapy on behavioural problems and aggression of children with ADHD was stable. Conclusion: It can be concluded that parent-child interaction training was effective on behavioural problems and aggression of children with ADHD symptoms, and this effect was stable.