درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose: One of the main goals of the education system is to improve the academic performance of students. Therefore, the aim of this study was to comparison the effect of Gagne’s educational model and Keller’s educational-motivational model on academic motivation and achievement of seventh grade students. Methodology: This was a quasi-experimental study with pretest and posttest design with control group. The research population was seventh grade students of Zahedan city in 2019-20 academic years, which from them 60 people who were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly replaced in three equal groups including two experimental groups and one control group. The first experimental group was trained by Gagne’s educational model method and the second experimental group was trained by Keller’s educational-motivational model method for eight sessions of 45 minutes and the control group was trained by conventional method. Data were collected by academic motivation questionnaire (Harter, 1981) and research-made academic achievement test and analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance and Bonferroni post hoc test in SPSS software. Findings: The findings of the present research showed that both methods of Gagne’s educational model and Keller’s educational-motivational model in compared to the control group significantly increased academic motivation and academic achievement of students (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two educational methods in increasing their academic motivation and academic achievement (P>0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, to increase and promote academic motivation and academic achievement of students can be used both methods of Gagne’s educational model and Keller’s educational-motivational model.

Purpose: Text books play an important role in improving the moral status of students, and in the meantime, the amount of attention the text books to moral skills needs to be investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigating the amount of attention to the moral competencies of the national curriculum of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the social studies text books of the first secondary school. Methodology: This study in terms of implementation method was descriptive which in it was used the method of analyzing text books. The research population was the social studies text books of the first secondary school (7th, 8th and 9th) in the 2021-2022 academic years and all three of them were selected as a sample using the census sampling method. The research tool was taking notes of moral competencies of the curriculum in the mentioned books, which whose face validity was confirmed by curriculum experts and specialists, and whose reliability by test-retest method was calculated 0.86. The data as a content analysis were analyzed with using frequency and percentage frequency method of moral competencies of the national curriculum of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the social studies text books of the first secondary school. Findings: The findings showed that in the social studies text books of the first secondary school (7th, 8th and 9th) according to the national curriculum of the Islamic Republic of Iran were identified number of 139 competencies in the three axes of orientation and desire (62 cases), action and behavior (47 cases) and cognition and knowledge (30 cases) that the share of text books for the seventh, eighth and ninth grades was 58, 39 and 42 cases, respectively. Also, among the 19 moral competencies emphasized in the national curriculum of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the text books of the 7th, 8th, and 9th grades covered only 10, 10, and 12 cases of the competencies, respectively. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it is necessary to create and promote moral competencies in the social studies text books of the first secondary school based on the national curriculum of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to design a model to improve the physiological performance of human resources, based on the biorhythm cycle in educational and medical centers. Methodology: the combined research method is based on exploratory mixed research (qualitative - quantitative). Statistical population in the qualitative section of a group of experts including professors in the field of organizational behavior management in universities and higher education centers, Vice Chancellor for Management Development and Resources of Medical Universities and experts on physiological performance and biorhythm cycle and in the quantitative section; The staff in rotation of Imam Khomeini Educational and Medical Center in Sari consisted of 820 nurses, midwives, paramedics, services, laboratory and radiology; In the qualitative part, using the snowball method to achieve theoretical saturation, in-depth interviews were conducted with 20 experts, and in the quantitative part, to measure the model, a researcher-made questionnaire with relative class sampling method was used among 264 people. was distributed. To determine the validity and reliability in the qualitative stage, the necessary tests, including acceptability and capability, are used, and in the quantitative stage, the validity of the 74-item questionnaire by face and content method (CVR and CVI range for items between 0.6 to 0.1, 0.85 and 0.1, respectively) and its reliability by Cronbach's alpha method by 83% of the cases Confirmed. Data were analyzed in qualitative stage with grounded theory technique with MAXqda2018 software and in quantitative stage with structural equations (heuristic and confirmatory factor analysis) with SPSS and AMOS software. Finding: The results of the qualitative part indicate that the physiological performance model of human resources, based on the biorhythm cycle has 16 dimensions in terms of causal conditions (working conditions, demographic characteristics and individual conditions), contextual conditions (organizational structure, motivation of managers and employees and intelligence Ethical), intervention conditions (culture building, teamwork and organizational and non-organizational challenges), strategy (training and awareness, biorhythm cycle planning and performance management) and outcome (job performance improvement, physiological performance of human resources and improvement Organizational performance) has been. Conclusion: The results of the quantitative section showed that all dimensions of the research model were confirmed.

Purpose: Entrepreneurial leadership plays an effective role in improving the performance of various businesses including small and medium businesses. As a result, the current research was conducted with the aim of presenting a model of the role of entrepreneurial leadership in the performance of active small and medium businesses in the field of nanotechnology in Tehran. Methodology: The method of this research was of mixed exploratory type (qualitative and quantitative). The population of the present study in the qualitative section was the policy experts of the nanotechnology industry, which number of 17 of them were selected as a sample according to the principle of theoretical saturation and with the purposeful sampling method. Also, the population of present study in the quantitative section was the managers and experts of small and medium businesses of nanotechnology industry whit number 1434 people, which 303 people of them were selected as a sample according to Cochran's formula and with the available sampling method. The data of the qualitative and quantitative sections were collected with methods of semi-structured interview and researcher-made questionnaires, respectively which whose psychometric indicators were confirmed and analyzed with methods of thematic analysis in MAXQDA software and exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling in SPSS and LISREL software, respectively. Findings: The findings of the first part of current research showed that the model of the role of entrepreneurial leadership in the performance of active small and medium businesses in the field of nanotechnology had 13 sub-factors in the 5 main factors of guidance, support, coaching, facilitation and entrepreneurship. Also, the findings of the second part of the present study showed that the factor load, average variance extracted and reliability of all factors were appropriate. In addition, the model of the role of entrepreneurial leadership in the performance of small and medium-sized businesses active in the field of nanotechnology had a significant effect on all five main factors and each factor with its sub-factors (P<0.05). Also, the findings of the second part of the current research showed that the factor load, average variance extracted and reliability of all factors were appropriate. In addition, the model of the role of entrepreneurial leadership in the performance of active small and medium businesses in the field of nanotechnology had a significant effect on all five main factors and each main factor on its sub-factors (P<0.05). Conclusion: The model of the role of entrepreneurial leadership in the performance of active small and medium businesses in the field of nanotechnology has many practical implications for the activists in the field of nanotechnology industry, and they can according to the identified factors provide the basis for improving entrepreneurial leadership.

Since the bitcoin invention in 2008, blockchain technology has surpassed so numerous innovations that the pioneer networks such as Ethereum are adaptable to host a bunch of decentral information containing pictures, audio, video, domains, Etc., or even a metaverse versatile avatar. The transformation of tangible goods into virtual assets, known as the AR-utility of luxury products, and the intermixture of reality and virtuality organized a worldwide, semi-regulated, and decentralized marketplace for digital goods. Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) are doing a great help to artists worldwide, sharing diverse cultural outlooks by establishing a remote cross-cultural corporation potential and, at the same time, metamorphosizing the intermediary role and ceasing the necessity of a well-known art sale’s approval. Meanwhile, the cryptocurrency market has already acquired allocation and interest in the global domain, paving the way for a flourishing enthusiasm among entrepreneurs preoccupied with high-tech start-ups. In this qualitative survey based on participatory observation fieldwork, we shall decipher through self-exploration to investigate the ups and downs of the new cyberculture environment. Empirical encountering diverse Social Network Sites (SNS) and following the Cryptocurrency X(Twitter) trends, we have concluded that social media were the assembly line, producing success stories day and night which empowered a decentral market to surpass 14 billion worth of united states dollars.