درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Multi-grade classes are one of the realities of our educational system. Academic motivation is known as a challenge for educational systems in developing countries. According to the rapid advances in science and technology, the utilization of blended learning seems to solve this challenge. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of blended learning on students' academic motivation in multi-grade classes. The study was quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with the control group. The statistical population was all students of primary multi-grade classes in Ghaen (n=2200 with 160 classes). The statistical sample was 28 multi-grade students selected using the two-stage cluster sampling method. Also, to collect data, Harter's academic motivation questionnaire was used with Cronbach's alpha of 0.92. The SPSS application and covariance test used to analyze the data. The results showed that academic motivation scores in the experimental group were more than the control group (p≤0.05, f (25.1) = 4.23). According to ETA squares, the blended approach explains 37% of the variance of academic motivation post-test scores (p<0.05, ŋ2=37%). According to the findings and the challenges of teaching in multi-grade classes, this method is not just one option but seems to be the best solution for resolving multi-grade problems.

Using Critical Digital Pedagogy (CDP) considering the recent technological advancements in the field of education as well as the prevalence of critical pedagogy (CP) in the World educational systems. This qualitative study aimed to uncover ELT experts’ and English literature teachers’ perceptions of a technology-laden CP-based EFL teacher preparation program for the context of Iran within a basic interpretive design. A total of thirty male and female ELT experts with a PhD in TEFL who were selected through convenience sampling from among experienced university professors who had relevant research expertise in the field. They were university professors with PhD in TEFL with different years of teaching experience. To collect the data, a semi-structured interview was used. Data analysis was done by the MAXQDA. The results showed that the perceptions of ELT experts and English literature teachers were both in line with the tenets of CP and the use of technology in education. Further, it was indicated that the perceptions of ELT experts and English literature teachers of a technology-laden CP-based EFL teacher preparation program for the context of Iran were significantly different. The findings have some implications for EFL teacher education administrators, curriculum planners and educators. Key Words: Critical Pedagogy (CP), Critical Digital Pedagogy (CDP), EFL Teacher Education, Technology.

The aim of the study was to investigate the role of school organizational culture on the lean behaviors of elementary school principals by the mediating role of their coaching leadership. The research population was all primary school teachers in Ilam province, from which a sample of 339 teachers was selected using proportional stratified random sampling based on Cochran's formula. This is a quantitative correlational research study through covariance-based structural equation modeling approach. For data collection, Denison's (2000) organizational culture questionnaire; Pilaz Zuborbuhler et al. (2021) coaching leadership questionnaire as well as, the researcher-made questionnaire of lean behaviors of school principals were used. The reliability and validity of the questionnaires were investigated with Cronbach's alpha techniques, content validity ratio, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. In order to analyze data and test research hypotheses, correlation matrix analysis and structural equation modeling were used with SPSS.v25 and LISREL.v10 software. The results indicated that: 1) the four types of organizational culture (involvement, adaptability, mission and consistency) had a direct, positive and significant effect on the lean behaviors of school principals 2) the four types of organizational culture had an indirect, positive and significant effect on the lean behaviors of school principals through mediating role of their coaching leadership. 3) Four types of organizational culture and coaching leadership of school principals estimated 59% of the variance of their lean behaviors. They were elementary. 4) Among all types of organizational     culture, adaptability culture had the highest effect on principals' lean behaviors

This research was conducted with the aim of identifying the characteristics of knowledge leaders in Tehran schools. Based on this objective, the study was conducted using a qualitative method. Data was collected through triangulation, including semi-structured interviews with administrators and teachers of all-girls secondary schools and knowledge management specialists, observation of schools and the study of relevant documents. Interviews were conducted with 28 people using criterion-based sampling method and 8 schools were observed in the areas under study using sequential sampling method. The Document of the Fundamental Evolution of Education and the Regulations for the selection and appointment of school administrators were also reviewed. The data was analyzed using thematic analysis. The characteristics of the school administrator as a knowledge leader were categorized into 3 main classes including: knowledge network builder, knowledge guardian and school knowledge flow facilitator, and 10 subcategories. The emergence of knowledge leaders in the schools under study requires the following criteria: development of a digital physical space in the school, financing and sufficient educational budget, development and training of school administrators for the role of knowledge leaders, reforming the conditions for the selection and appointment of school administrators, granting independence and freedom of action to school managers, scientific and practical directives and instructions. It is suggested that professional development programs for school administrators should be developed and implemented, and the renovation of the public space of classrooms and school libraries based on knowledge literature should have a place on the agenda of the Ministry of Education.

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of digital leadership and technology flexibility in intelligent decision-making with the mediation of intellectual ethics and team reception. The research method is quantitative, descriptive and of the type of correlation studies based on the covariance-oriented structural equation modeling approach. The research population was all the elementary principals of Kermanshah province, of those 320 principals were selected through stratified random sampling based on Cochran's formula. To collect data, researcher-made questionnaires of digital leadership, technological flexibility, intelligent decision-making, intellectual ethics and team reception Soltani (2008) were used. The content validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by experts, supervisors and consultants. The reliability of the questionnaires according to Cronbach's Alpha was 0.94 for digital leadership, 0.91 for technology flexibility, 0.95 for intelligent decision making, 0.93 for intellectual ethics, and 0.89 for team reception.  To analyze the data, the descriptive as well as inferential analysis techniques were used through SPSS and LISREL software. Structural equation modeling showed that digital leadership has a direct effect on team reception, intellectual ethics and intelligent decision making. Moreover, digital leadership has an indirect effect on intelligent decision-making through team reception and intellectual ethics. The flexibility of technology has a direct impact on intellectual ethics, team reception and intelligent decision making. Technology flexibility has an indirect effect on intelligent decision-making through intellectual ethics and team reception. Intellectual ethics has a direct impact on team reception and intelligent decision making. Intellectual ethics has an indirect effect on intelligent decision making through team reception. Team reception has a positive and direct effect on intelligent decision-making. Finally, the research model has a good model fit