درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the sudden buying of sportswear in sports stores in Mazandaran, Iran. This applied research has been done by descriptive-survey method. The statistical population of the study was the customers of a reputable sports store in Mazandaran province. 385 customers were selected through  available sampling method. A valid and reliable researcher-developed questionnaire was used for data collection, and structural equation modeling (SEM) was conducted for data analysis and hypotheses test. The results showed that the store environment (light, color, music, fragrance) has a positive effect on the sudden buying behavior of store customers. Moreover, the findings demonstrated that layout and physical appearance (Product availability, booth guide, product layout, building appearance, and staff coverage), as well as facilities available in the store and ancillary services (cafes and restaurants, amusement parks, child care centers), affect the psychological characteristics of customers' sudden buying behavior. By focusing on the research findings, the managers of sports stores can have a positive impact on customers’ sudden buying and improving the selling approaches.

The outbreak of war in Ukraine at the same time as the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics once again called the world sports to engage in international military warfare. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of sports deterrent in the prevention of international military wars. The present study was a qualitative-netnogeraphy method, which was conducted by studying various websites and social networks such as Instagram and official websites of BBC sport, CNN sport, ABC sport, Varzesh TV, Olympics and FIFA World Cup pages. The results indicated that sport sanctions of Russia categorized to personal (8) and organizational (21) concepts. Although Sports is a non-political phenomenon, it can play as a peace-making factor to decrease the political and military pressure on nations. Today, athletes, because of their billion audience on social media and messengers, have an irreplaceable impact on the public, including efforts to curb violence, aggression and incitement to war, including effective sports in promoting international peace.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is one technology that can revolutionize traditional methods and transform sports infrastructure. To promote the adoption of IoT effectively, it's vital for sports manager to understand the factors that positively and negatively affect it. The aim of this study was to investigate how perceived risk impacts people's willingness to use IoT technology in sports. This quantitative study used a survey method and applied a descriptive approach. The statistical population included Iranian athletes, and 394 individuals completed questionnaires using a non-probability sampling method. Data analysis was performed using Smart PLS3 software. Results showed that perceived risk has a direct and negative impact on perceived ease of use, willingness to use, and perceived usefulness. However, its effect on attitude towards use was insignificant. The study also confirmed the positive impact of perceived ease of use on perceived usefulness and attitude towards use. Perceived usefulness had a greater effect on the latter variable. Additionally, perceived usefulness had a significant positive impact on willingness to use IoT technology in sports, as did attitude towards use. Attitude towards use also had a significant positive impact on willingness to use IoT technology in sports. The study recommends implementing strategies to enhance and improve perceived usefulness, ease of use, and attitude towards use while reducing perceived risk to increase acceptance and willingness to use IoT technology in sports.

This study aimed to the effect of sports managers' literacy on the performance of football clubs in Iranian leagues. The method of this research was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population consisted of all managers of football clubs in Iranian leagues.  267 questionnaires were  distributed among managers as the research sample.The research instruments included a questionnaire on sports managers' literacy (semi-researcher-made) and the performance of sports clubs (Shafiee et al., 2013). The tool's validity was confirmed using the opinion of experts. Smart PLS 3 software was used to analyze the data and the relationships between the variables. Findings showed that respectively, media literacy (Path coefficient: 0.88; T-Value: 7.65); Technology Literacy (Path coefficient: 0.78; T-Value: 5.87); Legal Literacy (Path coefficient: 0.76; T-Value: 5.19); Managerial literacy (Path coefficient: 0.67; T-Value: 3.50), and financial literacy (Path coefficient: 0.62; T-Value: 2.53) had significant effects on the performance of football clubs. Based on the findings, it was found that sports managers should use a variety of literacy in different areas of decision-making and face different problems to provide the ground for better success and performance of the club.

The purpose of the present study was to identify barriers to implementing innovation in sports clubs during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research approach was mixed. In the qualitative part, interviews with 13 owners of sports clubs were conducted. The statistical sample in the quantitative part, based on Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), included 200 sports club owners in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Iran. The results showed that barriers to implementing innovation in sports clubs were individual, structural, and environmental obstacles. Considering the entrepreneurial ecosystem and all stakeholders involved in the sports community, providing favorable conditions such as intellectual property protection, financial support, research, and development support, as well as improving access to financial capital, can pave the way for the creation and implementation of sports innovations in clubs, especially in crises. 

The purpose of this study was to identify and to prioritize the most important criteria to choose qualified coaches for the basketball national teams in Iran based on the perspective of sport experts, managers, basketball coaches, and elite players. Method used in this research was descriptive and survey kind. 135 participants were studied through random sampling approach according to the Morgan table. After collecting the questionnaires, 110 samples were qualified for further investigations. The data was analyzed with both descriptive statistics and inferential statistics including Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Friedman test for finding the priority of criteria and analysis of variance test, using SPSS software. The order of the eight identified treats include “Personality and Cognitive Features, Emotional and Humanistic Characteristics, Social Characteristics, Managerial Skills, Scientific Knowledge and Expertise, Coaching Experiences, Demographic and Personal Characteristics, and Basketball Sport Skills”. Personality and cognitive features of a coach with mean rank of 6.35 is the most important factor to choose a coach (X2= 61.39, p <0.01) among the eight main criteria. Significant differences were obvious only on the last two items including “Sport skills” and “Personal characteristics” among male and female subjects.