درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose: Quality of education in multi-grade classrooms is important in the education system, neglect of which is associated with the weakness of the education model and related factors. Methodology: The present study was conducted to validate a model for the quality of education in multi-grade classrooms in primary schools as exploratory research. In qualitative study, thematic analysis was used by an inductive approach, and in quantitative study, descriptive survey was used. Given the components, an 81-item questionnaire was provided. To validate the questionnaire, convergent validity, content validity and construct validity were used. The statistical population of the research included teachers, principals and educational leaders of multi-grade classrooms in all the cities of North Khorasan Province, including 1203 multi-grade classrooms. By Cochran's formula, 349 people were selected as the research sample. The structural model of the research was fitted and the path coefficients of the research model were analyzed by the bootstrap method (resampling and sequential sampling) and the Student's t-test statistic. Findings: According to the results, 0.823% of the changes in the quality of multi-grade classrooms have been predicted by the sub-components of teachers' professional competence and characteristics, macro policies, the state of schools, family model and themes related to the students. Conclusion: All questions were confirmed due to a factor load above 0.5, and the model had a good fit.

Purpose: This research was conducted with the aim of identification and analysis of effective factors on the strategic intelligence of education districts managers of Tehran city and provides an appropriate model. Methodology: The present study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was descriptive from type of quantitative. The study population was managers, deputies and experts of the education nineteen districts of Tehran city in 2020 year, which based on the Krejcie and Morgan table the sample size was estimated 120 people who were selected by randomly sampling method. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire of effective factors on the strategic intelligence of managers (113 indicators) which after two Delphi rounds with Kendall coefficient of 0.678 was designed by 15 experts and its content validity was confirmed by experts and its reliability was calculated by Cronbach's alpha method 0.921. Data were analyzed by exploratory factor analysis and structural equations modeling in SPSS-22 and Smart PLS-3 software. Findings: The findings showed that the effective factors on the strategic intelligence of managers had 113 indicators in 21 components and 2 dimensions; So that the intra-organizational dimension were included 11 components of intelligent planning, support processes, communication processes, power of change and transformation, knowledge management, educational intelligence, moral intelligence, informational intelligence, organizational process intelligence, human resource intelligence and financial resources intelligence and extra-organizational dimension were included 10 components of business intelligence, environmental intuition thinking, technological intelligence, planning intelligence, social intelligence, competitors intelligence, policy-making, communication with people intelligence, targeting intelligence and environmental macro intelligence. Also, the factor load of all dimensions and components was higher than 0.40, their average extracted variance was higher than 0.50 and their reliability was higher than 0.70. In addition, the model of effective factors on the strategic intelligence of education districts managers had a good fit and the model had a significant effect on the intra-organizational and extra-organizational dimensions and the mentioned dimensions on the relevant components (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results showed two dimensions of intra-organizational and extra-organizational for the model of effective factors on the strategic intelligence of education districts managers. Therefore, to increase and enhance their strategic intelligence can be done by improving the dimensions and components of each of them.

Purpose: This study aimed at investigating the effect of competency-based approach on enhancing complexity, accuracy, and fluency of writing of pre-service teachers. Methodology: To this end, an Oxford Quick Placement Test (OQPT) was administered to 100 Iranian pre-service teachers studying at Farhangian University, of whom 40 upper-intermediate learners were selected and assigned to an experimental group (n = 20) and a control group (n = 20). The selected participants were both male and female and aged from 19 to 22. Both selected groups were then given a writing test as the pre-test. Subsequently, the experimental group received the competency-based treatment and were proposed to some real-world issues and there was no time limit. However, the traditional styles used for improving the writing skill of the subjects in the control group and a specific time limit was considered for the subjects to do the job. After that, a writing post-test and an attitude questionnaire were delivered to the participants. The obtained data was analyzed using one-way between group analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and one-sample t-test. Findings: The results indicated no significant difference between pre-test and post-test scores of the control group, whereas, the post-test scores of the participants in experimental group were significantly better than their pre-test scores especially regarding complexity. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the teachers should take competency-based approach into consideration in their target language classes to have a more fruitful educational process.

Purpose: While it is true that concern should be expressed with the incessant conflicts in Africa, it is also true that the ramifications are very wide. One recurring conflict in the 1990s Nigeria’s educational institutions is the conflict generated among rival cult groups that seemed to defy solution. Several students and, in some cases, lecturers have lost their lives yet there seems to be no end to these killings which seem to occur unexpectedly. Methodology: Applying a sub-cultural group theory, this article analyzed the prevalent factor responsible of this phenomenon. Starting with the analysis of the relations between what it takes to survive in Nigeria and the emergence of violence on campuses of institutions of higher learning, the article suggests that the failure of higher institutions to effectively perform its integrative role, thereby becoming a space for delinquent gang groups, may be connected to failed economic policies. Findings: it argues that it may not be totally true to call the various students groups involved in the on-campus conflict ‘cult’ as their activities and rituals are devoid of any spiritual or religious elements but more about contestations about space and survival. It concludes by suggesting some probable solutions. Conclusion: the educational institution needs to rethink the curricula in relation to the survival of the society wherein what is taught is not based on ‘individualistic but communal virtues.

Purpose: News media play an important role in attitudes towards various issues, including wearing hijab and its removal. As a result, this paper aimed to compare the news coverage of hijab removal in the news media. Methodology: This study was applied in terms of purpose and quantitative in terms of execution method. The research population was the hijab removal news in the news media of Entekhab (reformist), Fars (fundamentalist), Khabar Online (moderate), BBC Persian Television (affiliated with the United Kingdom) and Voice of America (affiliated with the United states of America) during 2017 and 2018, which were selected through the total population sampling method. The research tool was to observe and record the news of the hijab removal in Persian news media or the Persian section of foreign news media, and the face validity of the information was confirmed by the opinion of experts and its reliability was obtained 0.89 by the inter-coder agreement method. Finally, the data were analyzed with non-parametric chi-square test in SPSS-20. Findings: Results showed that there was a significant difference between Entekhab, Fars, Khabar Online, BBC Persian Television and Voice of America in terms of amount of news, news style, news value, news source, news bias and news type (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the five mentioned media in terms of the headline type (P>0.05). In other words, in terms of the amount of news about the hijab removal, Fars, Khabar Online, BBC Persian Television, Entekhab and Voice of America reported the most news. In terms of news style, Entekhab, Fars, Khabar Online and Voice of America used mostly news style and BBC Persian Television used mostly report style. Also, in terms of news value, Entekhab, BBC Persian Television and Voice of America used encountering value, Fars used the proximity value and Khabar Online used mostly two values of encountering and reputation. In terms of the news source, Entekhab and Fars used the media reporter’s source more, Khabar Online used the domestic news agencies more, BBC and Voice of America used the unknown source frequently. In addition, in terms of the news bias, Entekhab, Fars and Khabar Online used the bias of condemning the event, the BBC used the neutral bias and the Voice of America used the bias of sympathy and support for the event more frequently. In terms of the type of news, Entekhab, Fars and Voice of America mostly used the event-oriented type, and the Khabar Online and BBC Persian Television mostly used the process-oriented type. On the other hand, in terms of the type of headlines, Entekhab, Fars, Khabar Online, BBC Persian Television and Voice of America used more inferential headlines and there was no significant difference among them. Conclusion: The results showed that BBC Persian Television and Voice of America had a more positive view on the phenomenon of hijab removal and mostly reported the news from unknown news sources. The results indicated that the aforementioned news media are harmful to families in terms of the phenomenon of hijab removal.