درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

University autonomy and accountability have been playing such a vital role in all aspects of university governance that their importance cannot be over emphasized. Autonomy can be defined as “the right of a group of people to govern itself or to organize its own activities” and being autonomous means “being independent and having the power to make your own decisions”. On the other hand, accountability means being responsible for decisions or actions and being required or expected to justify them. The purpose of this study is to examine and assess the degree and sufficiency of university autonomy in the four area of institutional, financial, staff, and academic and also the degree of accountability of universities to their external stakeholders. The instrument for gathering data was a researcher-made questionnaire with a five- point Likert scale and its calculated Alpha was above ./70. This means that the instrument was reliable. Data were obtained randomly from university managers at Islamic Azad University branches in Qazvin province. The data were analyzed using percentage and five-point Likert scale to objectively determine the degree of accountability and the sufficiency of the university autonomy for good governance of their branches at the four area of autonomy from the view point of university chancellors, vice-chancellors, Dean and Head of the Departments. The analysis of data in relation to research questions were investigated, using one-sample t-test by means of version 18 of SPSS software. The findings indicate that the degree of autonomy in the four area is not sufficient to govern the university well and the University administrators suggest that granting more autonomy from the central administration of Islamic Azad University and Ministry of Science, Technology and Research to the university branches may hold them to be more accountable to internal and external stakeholders.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between job satisfaction and rganizational citizenship behavior and personality traits city staff Lorestan. The research objective of the application and the method of data collection, descriptive, correlative to-be conducted in 1394. The study population of 500 municipal employees Lorestan 217 employees were selected using Cochran formula The selection of the sample, simple random sampling method was used. Datas were collected using standard questionnaires and through statistical tests t, Friedman test and Spearman correlation were analyzed. The main results showed that job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior and personality traits among municipal staff Lorestan 0.99 there is a significant level of confidence.

University students are exposed to stress because of their age and their particular situation. Stress can cause serious problems to the health and academic performance of students. One of the factors affecting stress is the environment. Therefore, finding ways to reduce stress in universities is important and needs to be investigated. Unfortunately, one of the fundamental problems of universities is the lack of features and qualities of a space that reduces the stress of students. This means that university spaces are not designed and constructed for reducing the stress of students and enough attention was not paid to this issue. The relative lack of research in this field makes necessary to pay attention to this issue and carry out studies in this regard. The purpose of this study is to provide effective spatial features to reduce the stress of university students and to determine the effectiveness of each of these features. The research is conducted by survey method and Delphi technique was carried out in three rounds. For this purpose, firstly open-ended questionnaires were distributed among the experts. Then the answers were investigated and the lists of features were extracted. In the next step, based on the information obtained, close-ended questionnaires were made and the importance levels of features were put into question among the experts and then data were analyzed using SPSS software. In the final stage, experts expressed their final opinions considering the statistical results of the previous stage. The results of this study showed that effective spatial features on stress reduction of students are classified by influencing level into four categories of environmental conditions, natural factors, environmental comfort and physical aspects. And among the details of these features, adequate and proper light for spaces”, connecting with outdoor and semi-outdoor spaces and desirable sound in spaces, are of utmost importance.

The feature of decorating curves in Iranian arts, paintings, illumination, cover decorating, Engraving Carving Sudoriferous Cloth carpet and several decorations related to architecture including tile, stucco have principles and features of traditional designing. Several types of figures of Khatayi and Ieslimi and their roles in combination and space besides having principles in proportion to ground have certain features. This article has been formulated by the aim of reading Khatayi and eslimi figures in both carpet and tile arts and its main issue is how to draw these figures and their system of combination in both of these arts. The methodology is descriptive. The statistical population includes architectural works of several Islamic periods and carpet works in contemporary period. All the designs presented in this article are drawn by the author and it has been attempted to be able to explain features of traditional design system exactly.

Realism not only has introduced way of thinking but also has discussed a different way of expression in mid-nineteenth century in west and despite its existence has experienced new forms during its stages of development and metamorphosis. Symbolic realism has been discussed as a realistic technique in art and literature style within this through this method, realism and symbolism make contradictory link where although symbolic relationships are formed but signifier, arbitrary signified as well as secondary all have realistic approach in this link which mean in context realistic channel as well as receiver's experimental mind connection with that, although culture, society, policy, history, myths and legends are also represented but they aren&rsquot determinant of meaning and only can be crystallized in second half discovery of signifier as receiver&rsquos mental reserves and of course this is the result and related to discussed realistic patterns in work. This research is sought to investigate symbolic realism which is a kind of realism that is used as technique in a work and can be one of its style indicators and considered as main style in case of its extent of function in work. Besides structural investigation of "symbolic realism", history, approach as well as introducing its artists and writers are investigated in this research and has explained rout map for further researches in this field not only in literature field but also in architecture, painting as well as religious issues.

The aim of this study was to determine the level and analysis of the components of the organizational health at the Islamic Azad University of Region six. The research method is descriptive and population statistical consisted of region six of Islamic Azad university`s units. The subjects include 320 B.A holder individuals of staff who have bachelor`s degree and higher. From among 175 people were selected .benefiting from multistage sampling and Morgan table. Research elements (Lyndon & kingle) was obtained from organizational health questionnaire, Cronbach`s alpha reliability coefficient of 0.90. for analyzing the data mono sample t-test and Friedman have been used .the results revealed that the health status of the academic enterprise of MAHSHAHR and KHORRAMSHAHR is critical and SHOSHTAR`s academic enterprise in emergency and ABADAN AHWAZ and DEZFOUL academic units were normal. also the experimental mean such as: condition of participation`s components, loyalty and commitment, Direction and leadership in all academic units were lower than average (in an emergency) respectively

Studies addressing such concepts as place, sense of place, place attachment, place identity, place dependence, rootedness, genius loci, topophilia, and place-making can be found in count-less disciplinary and applied fields devoted to the design, planning, stewardship, and restoration of places that vary in kind and scale from homes, neighborhoods, and cities to parks, and ecosystems. This article identifies opportunities and challenges to using sense of place as motivation for long-term stewardship at multiple spatial scales in a rapidly changing world. Sense of place reflects processes by which individuals or groups identify, attach to, depend on, and modify places, as well as the meanings, values, and feelings that individuals or groups associate with a place. The results of research show that An overview of the defined sense of place shows that sense of place is a result of the relationship of Man, his mental imaginations, and environmental characteristics. The concept, on the one hand, is rooted in the subjective experiences such as memories, traditions, history, culture, and society. It can be affected by the objective and external effects in the environment such as design, landscape, smell, and sound, on the other hand. Accordingly, sense of place is a complicated concept of the human feelings and attachment towards the environment that is produced due to the adaptation and use of place by the human. It means that sense of place has not been a predetermined event but results from the human interaction with the environment.