درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Organizational sense making is the process that helps managers to understand how organization's members change ideas and eventually what they chose, maintain and achieve among different meanings. This study examines and presents a model of sense making in service organizations and results in addition to the research community in other service organizations such as municipalities and municipal services organizations used. The present study investigated the subject scientific literature and research conducted try to design sense-making model in service organizations and ultimately the validity and reliability confirmed and try to provide the model. The study population included 44 PNU centers and units in the Isfahan province that have considered and 325 members of the community, according to Morgan table have chosen as a sample. According to the regression derived from the path analysis conducted, it turns out organizational changes by coefficients of 0.68 maximum impact and personal contexts 0.36 low impact and sense making with the coefficient 0.81 had more impact on individual outcomes.

The present study aimed to investigate and identify factors affecting the intention to buy of Islamic Azad University students to foreign brands of clothing among the students of this university in Tehran has been carried out. In which the impact of individual characteristics (unique needs and brand attitude) and normative characteristics of students (normative influence and brand awareness) on model of cognitive - emotional intention to buy was studied. present study is kind of survey and to collect research data, a questionnaire that in combination of different sources available in research literature has been designed, was used. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, 384 students of Islamic Azad University in Tehran who knowingly bought foreign brands of clothing, was selected. To analyse the data from the tests of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) was used and the two software package of LISREL and PLS SMART have used. Research findings showed that the individual characteristics students on the perceived quality of foreign brands of clothing have a significant and positive impact. As well as individual and normative characteristics of students on the emotional value of foreign brands of clothing and emotional value of foreign brands of clothing also has a significant and positive impact on intention to buy of students. The other hand, the impact of normative characteristics of students on the perceived quality of foreign brands of clothing and the perceived quality also on intention to buy of students was not significant.

In order to understand what educational planning means, it is necessary to understand what is meant by planning and what a plan is. It is from this level that we will go into the explanation of educational planning in urban planning and architecture. The finding of research shows fundamental discourse that has been surveyed in this paper. Character of Educational Planning in urban studies conclude: (a) Primacy of Planning (b) Planning is pervasive (c) Planning is Mission-Oriented (d) Planning is Future-Oriented. And, Methodology of Planning for Education have been categorized: (1) Diagnosis of the Educational Situation (2) Target Setting (3) Intervention Strategies and Activities (4) Costing and Budget Preparation (5) Implementation and Monitoring Mechanism (6) Negotiations, Appraisal and Approval. The objectives of Educational Planning in urban planning and architecture have subtitled like: (a) Political dimensions (b) Economic Dimensions (c) Science and Technology Dimension (d) Legal Dimensions (e) Demographic Dimensions.

This article seeks to identify and classify the micro factors affecting the implementation of poverty reduction policy in Iran. The existence and spread of poverty in society, in spite of the existent policy programs is the sign of some weaknesses in the executive models of policy. Policy making in the field of poverty reduction theoretically is classified into several categories different factors are involved in the implementation of the policies. In identifying the diverse factors affecting the execution of policies, we finally could achieve the characteristics of policy, formation of policy, layers and levels involved in policy, factors affecting the response of executive factors of policy, inter-organizational relationships, impact of the feedback of the target population, and macro environmental factors which can be classified into policy , institutional, and micro settings.

Today, Information Technology services are considered as valuable resources in all areas. For making Information Technology Management Processes purposeful and efficient in different organizations &ndash as a competitive and strategic advantage (especially in organizations responsible for health care services) &ndash it is necessary to recognize the level of maturity of the organization and review its processes in the field of Information Technology Services. On the other hand, finding the relations between main components of maturity and Information Technology Standards are essential to make them functional. In this paper, in addition to recognizing the present IT Management Services and prioritize them we reviewed the gap between processes and compare them to provide related maturity levels for introducing a localized model in Information Technology Services maturity in organizations responsible for health care services. Therefore, with the help of health experts and professionals working in health organizations we categorized indicators in 10 management processes and 9 criteria related to it. In addition, we evaluated overlapping levels of maturity and ITIL management processes by using experts opinions that have a high percentage of consensus in the field of selecting criteria. The aim of deriving these indicators was creating a functional tool in health organizations and paying attention to its main differences with other methods in addition to inspiring from CMMI and entering effective components on Information Technology Infrastructures Standard (ITIL) framework according to functional views in Information Technology Management Services at the Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The present study can be recognized an applied research in accordance with its goal. In this research, a proposed instrument is used for gathering data (ITILRA questionnaire) from health care centers of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The aim was determining the gap between current organizations management processes with an optimal one in the field of IT services (which are at different levels of maturity) with respect to the ITIL.V3 framework. For this reason, leveling joint processes between ITIL and CMMI and approving corresponding indicators at Information Technology Services Maturity Model levels were done and each criteria and processes were compared with ideal and standard situation separately. Then, we determined the highest and lowest differences rates and standard deviation for creating a localized maturity model based on ITIL. In management process, Service Desk has the most close and overlapped situation with ideal condition. In Configuration Management, the highest differences and gap was recognized, so, it should be closer to optimal condition. Service Desk belongs to Service Operations phase and it indicates the maturity level of the organization. As it was expected, it was in a very desirable condition. Configuration Management Process belongs to Translating Service Phase which stood in third place (predetermined processes) of maturity level in CMMI Model. It shows that improving maturity level of the organizations needs more efforts for reducing or omitting any gap between the current situation of the organization and a desirable condition. All these scores (by mean and standard deviation tests) obtained using SPSS software.

This study aims to design the management model and planning of career promotion path in the employees of Tehran Bank Mellat Branches. The research method is descriptive and survey that was conducted by correlational and structural equations modeling. The statistical population (n=200) of the study included all employees of twenty branches in Tehran's Bank Mellat who were selected as the sample of the study. In strument of the study was a standard questionnaire that was provided according to the review of the literature and previous studies of Edgar Shine with 25 items. Reliability of the study was estimated by Cronbach alpha that was 0.918 meaning the confirmation of the questionnaire reliability. Findings were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient) and LISREL via structural equations modeling. Results showed that there is a significant relationship between the identified factors and management and planning of career promotion path. Finally, suggestions are maded for employees' career path according to the determined variables.

Security has always been one of the most basic needs of human and improves social interactions, personal and social peace, prosperity of the people and thus caused the improvement of society. Modern urban spaces admitting to crimes and aberrations resulting in lack of security in the city, Security Survey in urban areas is an important issue. This paper examined the impact of residents' sense of safety in urban areas. It uses applied research and descriptive analysis. Quantitative methods and techniques used for evaluating data from the survey (see questionnaire). It studied two areas of Arak city: Hepco (Zone 1) and Ayatollah Saeedi (zone 4) .Research findings suggest that environmental differences are effective on the level of security in the city. People who live in zone1 feel more security than residents of zone 4 at night. Also the women feel more insecurity than men at night. Also between 4 studied subjects (men and women of both areas) men and women of zone 4 use other places for shop and fun more than men and women of zone 1. Also in both areas women use other places more than men .both groups have same ideas about the safe and unsafe places. The majority of them evaluate silent streets, one-way streets and low traffic areas as insecure places. In addition, people considered the presence of police and security forces, promoting the cultural and pay more attention to city design as an important factor of creating the sense of security.

World Travel and Tourism Council has estimated that contribution of tourism sector to global economy and employment will be increasing in the next 10 years. Travel and tourism contributes to various areas of economy and Tourism is accounted as one of most significant industries of 21st century. If countries provide the required capacity for development of tourism industry, they would be able to take remarkable steps in flourishing their own economy. In view of the natural and human attractions of Baneh city, attracting tourist would be one of essential requirements for sustainability of this city. In the last few years tangible change of direction in city of Baneh economy has taken place. The descriptive, analytical and applied research methodology was applied in the present study to identify capacity and limitations of Baneh city in terms of tourism attraction by utilizing quantitative model of SOWR-QSPM. The results of the research indicates that the total score of internal environment has been 2.58 and external environment has been 3.46 i.e. Baneh city has an aggressive situation (relying on its own capabilities to use the opportunities). In the next step, the final strategies were planned, using SOWT model, and categorized according to QSPM model and the rate of tourism attraction, with the promotion of infrastructure as the most important priority for tourist attraction (score of 6.17). In the last part of the present research, the following suggestions have been made: preparing a strategic document for tourism of Baneh city and making policies and plans for tourist attraction in order to fulfill the aforementioned strategies.