درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

This study examined the relationship between cultural intelligence and managers’ performance of travel agencies. The study is applied research in terms of objectives, and this is correlational descriptive research in terms of collecting and analyzing data. The study population consisted of 500 tour managers and guides in Isfahan province. The sampling method was the simple random sampling method, and the sample size was 217 managers and tour guides of the Isfahan according to Cochran`s formula. Data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by Lisrel software, using structural equation modeling (SEM). Findings show a positive and significant relationship between tour managers' cultural intelligence and their performance in dealing with crises. Thus, the strategic importance of cultural intelligence in managers' performance while dealing with challenges has been approved. Furthermore, cultural intelligence is recognized as one of the factors influencing the prosperity of tourism by enhancing manager performance.  

This study investigates the role of religious tourism and experimental marketing in developing entrepreneurial sports opportunities in Mashhad. As the first step, the study's statistical population consisted of all tourists in Mashhad who have been there for at least one week for religious tourism and have also visited this city's recreational and sports centers. Moreover, three standard questionnaires were used to collect data and to analyze the data, the Skewness and Elongation tests were used to determine the data distribution, one-sample t-test to compare the mean of variables with the hypothetical standard, Kendall W test to prioritize the components from the sample view and modeling equations were used; on top of that, all analysis was performed using SPSS software version 23 and SmartPLS version 3. The results showed that the average score of religious tourism, experimental marketing, and entrepreneurial sports opportunities and their components are relatively good. Hence, their average score was more than three. Results also showed that religious tourism and empirical marketing positively and significantly affect developing entrepreneurial sports opportunities in Mashhad. Finally, the structural equation model of the relations of the three main variables of this research and their components had a suitable fitting.

In modern eras, travels with spiritual motivation have been accompanied by significant growth. The present study is aimed to investigate the role of spiritual orientation on the morale of tourists with the mediating role of spiritual wellbeing. In terms of purpose, the present study is applied research, and in terms of method, it is a descriptive research and a survey and correlational research. The statistical population in this study includes tourists and travelers to the sights of Tehran. The statistical sample size of the study was obtained using the Morgan table, as 384 individuals were selected using the convenience cluster sampling method. The data collection instrument is Allport’s Religious Orientation Questionnaire (short form), Lemon and Ann Wangheim Tourist Morale, and Spiritual Well-being Scale by Ellison. The questionnaire reliability was verified using Cronbach’s alpha and composite reliability. Its validity was verified using convergent validity and content validity by the opinion of experts regarding the study topic. SPSS and AMOS software were also used to determine the correlation and data analysis. At a 95% confidence interval, spiritual orientation and spiritual well-being positively and significantly affected tourists’ morale. Also, the mediating role of spiritual well-being in the relationship between spiritual orientation and tourists' morale was confirmed.

Pilgrimage can be considered as one of the oldest manifestations of religious tourism history and it is coupled with the formation of religions among human beings. On the one hand, the shrines of the religious personalities enjoy a special place in religious convergence, and on the other hand, it is considered a suitable platform for cultural and spiritual awareness among pilgrims. Nowadays, proper management of pilgrimage and recognition of the capacity to convert these centers into cultural hubs of the country, especially with the geographical distribution of their influence, is very important. Accordingly, it is necessary to describe and analyze religious propositions and pay attention to the potential facilities and talents of religious tourism. This research uses the descriptive-analytical method based on library documents to investigate the impact of pilgrimage institutions as an effective mechanism on spirituality and cultural life.

The present study tries to analyze the role of emotional intelligence of service providers in the trip process (before, during, and after) with a different view of sustainable tourism (from the perspective of tourist satisfaction) and emphasis on the human spiritual needs, to pave the way for further access tourist satisfaction and implementation of sustainable tourism. This is an applied exploratory research and has been done by content analysis and system thinking (to draw a conceptual model qualitatively and validated by experts). Data was collected through in-depth interviews with experts in sustainable tourism and spirituality. Experts were recruited through purposeful snowball sampling until data saturation and theoretical saturation. based on the findings, service providers' emotional intelligence plays an important role in improving the travel process by (A) helping the tourist in choosing the right travel package (before the trip), (B) creating a sense of calm, cheerfulness, and happiness in the tourist through responding to his spiritual needs (during the trip) and (C) impact positively in the mental evaluations and future decisions of tourist (after the trip). Based on systemic thinking, the results showed that paying attention to the tourists' spiritual needs through the employees' emotional intelligence is effective in achieving more sustainable tourism, so according to research findings and the widespread role of emotional intelligence in the travel process, training of service providers in the use of emotional intelligence is recommended to activists and planners in this industry

Spiritual perception is a concept to gain spiritual experience, a sense of closeness, connection to nature, and inner peace. In this case, the cohesion feeling is a general direction of human life that determines the degree of human resistance to life's pressures, stresses, and hardships. When it comes to Covid-19 in the world, this disease should be considered a psychosocial reality and consider the issue of health and hygiene. Covid-19 caused feelings of insecurity, fear, anxiety, negative emotions, rejection, despair, and forced people to quarantine at home. This research has been conducted with the qualitative method based on the descriptive-analytical method. The research data were collected in two sections of library documents and interviews. In addition, the content analysis method was used to analyze the data. The research area is Ibn Bulawayo religious site in Tehran, and the research time area is March 2020. According to studies and research on Ibn Babawayh’s religious place, spiritual perception is an inner and cognitive concept of each person's spiritual perceptions. Antonovsky's theory was questioned during the Corona pandemic based on comprehensibility/manageability,/significance. This study indicates that spiritual perception is related to God, the Creator of the universe, and the world of spirituality and meaning. The human becomes closer to God by Spiritual perception and contemplation, which causes the submission to the Creator. The self-surrender is a significant reason for promoting and improving a sense of individual cohesion.

Nowadays, creativity has become a strategy in tourism development; cities and regions that want to increase their attractiveness to the creative class must support creative industries. Intangible cultural heritage (ICH), as a unique advantage in the tourism industry, provides global competitiveness for the community. Sustainable tourism approaches are needed to transition and promote ICH as a sustainable tourism resource successfully. Accordingly, this study investigates the role of women's creativity in developing intangible cultural heritage with a creative tourism approach. The statistical population of this study is women in the Uramanat region and tourists in the area. A sample of 360 people from each community was selected by purposive and available sampling. Creativity with measurement approach and value creation and development of intangible cultural heritage with the dimensions of preserving originality, empowerment, maintaining the meaning of content, emphasizing identity, parallel development of tourism, and heritage protection was measured by a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was assessed using construct validity. Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability were used for instrument reliability, and both were acceptable. The studied model was tested using the least-squares approach. Findings showed that creativity has a significant positive effect on the development of intangible cultural heritage. In many destinations, the development of creative tourism, one of the rapid branches of economic growth, and the development of intangible cultural heritage in the tourism industry are essential.

The number of traveling Muslims has increased substantially, and demands for Islamic facilities and services that adhere to their religious practices are growing exponentially. This creates business opportunities for service providers in Muslim and non-Muslim countries alike. Propelled by the growth of this new market segment, service providers such as airlines and hotels have customized aspects of their businesses to accommodate these niche demands. However, some industry players willfully ignore this market, either for fear of losing non-Muslim customers or lacking the know-how to tap into this lucrative new market. This research benchmarked some service providers (hotels) worldwide and conducted a content analysis of their websites to identify the services they provided for Muslims. The evidence shows that some hotels worldwide provide limited services to satisfy Muslim needs. Most of these hotels did not provide information about their Islamic facilities on their website, including some hotels in Islamic countries. This can be related to the social pressure (non-Muslim tourist markets), which prevents service providers from advertising their services. Lack of knowledge and research on the factors that prevent service providers from serving Muslim tourists and little information about their challenges make this area unexplored. Future research should test the research model proposed by this study and identify the factors influencing the service provider’s intention to serve the Muslim market and the barriers. This paper can serve as a guideline for industry players to partake in this growing and lucrative market.