تجسم مفهوم بدن های رام فوکو در عروسک (با بررسی موردی اپرای عروسکی نخی) (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
مفاهیم علوم اجتماعی روشی برای تفسیر و تاویل آثار هنری هستند. این آثار در پرتو خوانش پذیری با این مفاهیم ژرفا می یابند و با جامعه معاصر می شوند. مفهوم بدن های رام فوکو برخاسته ازنظریه ی دانش- قدرت که به روش های انضباطی برای بهبود و افزایش کیفیت و کمیت کار می پردازد، انسان را به بدن رام فرومی کاهد و این جایی است که عروسک می تواند تجسم شکلی آن باشد که به تدریج از مرحله ی ساخت تا جان بخشی بدنی مطیع تحت فرمان و رام برای اجرای نمایش می شود. عروسک نخی که به لحاظ شکلی یکی از پیچیده ترین گونه های عروسک و به لحاظ معنایی یکی از نمادین ترین آن هاست و انسان نمایانه ترین جلوه اش در اپرای عروسکی نخی است، تجسم مشخصی از بدن رام هست. انضباط حاکم بر تولید یک اپرای عروسکی نخی، مراحلی مشابه انصباط فوکو در سربازخانه و کارگاه می سازد و عروسک نخی را به مثابه بدن رام معرفی می سازد. این تجسم شکلی برای این شیوه ی اجرایی دلالت هایی معنایی می سازد که هنرمند عروسکی با به کار گیری آن ها می تواند خوانشی عروسکی بر اساس متون مرتبط از این مفهوم بسازد و به اثری منسجم هم سو با معنای بالقوه ی آن دست یابدThe visualization of Faucoult's Docile bodies conception in Puppet ( with case studeies of Marionette Opera)
The social science concepts arise from practical cases but they are a method for reading artistic works. Now a day with the juxtaposition of different domains of Humanities and Art, this relation has been mutual. Social science concepts sometimes originate from Artistic works and on the other hand, they can be read by these concepts. These works find depth by this reading. The Docile bodies' conception of Foucault which is originated from knowledge- power theory was made based on documentary cases from social history and has been used for reading political, social, and artistic works and events. Docile bodies concept has been the conclusion of performing discipline principles in garrisons, factories, schools, workhouses, and so on. This discipline which exerts on body، for improving and increasing the quantity and quality of the final product (work), degrades the human body to docile body and from this point, it can be compared with a puppet. The Marionette is one of the complicated puppets in making and animating also is one of the symbolistic kinds in meaning. It has a full figure because of the way of its animating which is from the top by strings. Then it can be so realistic and humanlike which makes it a suitable figure for any realistic play and also Opera. It seems Marionette from making to animating processes is similar to the docile body. This essay tries to find the visualization of these concepts in Puppet and distinctly marionette. Then it searches the characteristic of Docile bodies in Puppet. In this way, the discipline principles for Domestication are compared with Puppet in two phases; making and animating Puppet. From four discipline principles which Foucault explained, it seems two of them are visualized in Puppet making and two others in Puppet animating. The art of distribution is comparable to the studio of making puppets in which everything is arranged in a specific discipline. The puppet maker must be surrounded behind a woodturning table like the worker who is surrounded behind the sewing machine table. Control of activity which has four sections is comparable to the program of making puppets. It consists of Planning for the process of making puppets, determining a specific time for each process, designing movement in which continuity between body and movement is made, and Articulating for animating puppets like the relation between body and object. The organization of geneses is similar to recognizing puppets and training for animating puppets for achieving a docile body as a puppet. And the last is the composition of forces is similar to the final performance in which all puppets as docile bodies coordinate with each other for creating the play. The inevitable discipline of producing Marionette Opera makes Marionette as clearer visualization of the docile body. By this cognition, Puppetry Artists can coordinate these implications with his performance and uses it for conveying his ideas. Docile bodies that have different visualization in literal, social, and political cases, can be introduced as one of the implications of Puppet (Marionette Opera) and help Artists in creating coherent puppet performances.
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